| Overall comparison of algorithms with sub-pixel estimation using a single view | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| The table below is the current, off-line version of Figure 3 of our paper. It compares the performance of different stereo algorithms on four test | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| image pairs, including all the algorithms reported to the Middlebury website. The numbers represent the percentage of "bad" pixels, i.e., pixel whose | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| absolute disparity error is greater than [0.50 | 0.75 | 1.00 | 1.50 |2.00], the error threshold can be changed by clicking on the tabs at the end of | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| the table. For each image pair, we report percentages for (1) non-occluded pixels, (2) all pixels and (3) pixels near depth. All the scoring and ranking | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| schemes are the same as the Middlebury benchmark. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| All algorithms are run with constant parameter settings across all four images. The rank of each algorithm in each column is indicated with a small red number. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| The algorithms are listed roughly in decreasing order of overall performance (as measured by average rank). | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| The difference between this benchmark and the Middlebury one is that we provide sub-pixel estimation for all the algorithms reported to the Middlebury website | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| by using only a single view (the reference view) or two views. The lines with the blue highlighting are the experimental results with our sub-pixel estimations. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| This sub-pixel benchmark proves that the sub-pixel estimation algorithm proposed is very robust; it works for all the algorithms. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Algorithms | Avg. | Tsukuba | Venus | Teddy | Cones | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Rank | nonocc | all | disc | nonocc | all | disc | nonocc | all | disc | nonocc | all | disc | |||||||||||||||
| C-SemiGlob(subpixel) | 4.33 | 4.85 | 3 | 5.54 | 1 | 12.14 | 1 | 0.46 | 5 | 0.82 | 6 | 4.97 | 12 | 6.46 | 4 | 13.76 | 8 | 15.89 | 5 | 3.26 | 1 | 9.08 | 3 | 9.23 | 3 | ||
| C-SemiGlob | 5.92 | 6.21 | 10 | 6.9 | 6 | 12.93 | 5 | 0.46 | 4 | 0.85 | 7 | 4.42 | 11 | 6.39 | 3 | 13.8 | 9 | 15.99 | 6 | 3.29 | 2 | 9.21 | 4 | 9.38 | 4 | ||
| AdaptingBP(subpixel) | 7.08 | 8.4 | 16 | 8.86 | 14 | 12.48 | 3 | 1.14 | 13 | 1.34 | 9 | 4.34 | 10 | 6.78 | 6 | 10.14 | 3 | 15.71 | 4 | 3.33 | 3 | 9.02 | 2 | 9.23 | 2 | ||
| DoubleBP(subpixel) | 7.25 | 12.53 | 25 | 12.91 | 22 | 12.18 | 2 | 0.39 | 1 | 0.73 | 4 | 3.42 | 3 | 5.24 | 1 | 10.7 | 5 | 13.58 | 2 | 3.9 | 8 | 9.84 | 7 | 10.17 | 7 | ||
| Segm+visib(subpixel) | 9.67 | 8.79 | 17 | 9.09 | 15 | 14.1 | 8 | 1.05 | 11 | 1.44 | 11 | 7.87 | 16 | 6.52 | 5 | 8.62 | 1 | 15.67 | 3 | 4.4 | 10 | 9.48 | 6 | 11.91 | 13 | ||
| SymBP+occ(subpixel) | 10.58 | 11.38 | 20 | 12.14 | 19 | 12.72 | 4 | 0.39 | 2 | 0.6 | 1 | 3.35 | 2 | 8.41 | 11 | 13.24 | 7 | 20.95 | 14 | 5.25 | 19 | 11.33 | 16 | 11.91 | 12 | ||
| AdaptingBP | 10.75 | 14.03 | 31 | 14.4 | 28 | 13.49 | 7 | 1.16 | 14 | 1.36 | 10 | 4.34 | 9 | 7.16 | 8 | 10.63 | 4 | 16.61 | 8 | 3.46 | 4 | 9.34 | 5 | 9.19 | 1 | ||
| SemiGlob(subpixel) | 12.58 | 5.24 | 5 | 6.1 | 4 | 15.53 | 15 | 1.94 | 25 | 2.53 | 19 | 11.81 | 30 | 7.55 | 10 | 14.32 | 12 | 19.83 | 10 | 3.48 | 5 | 10.22 | 10 | 9.95 | 6 | ||
| DoubleBP | 13.25 | 18.66 | 37 | 19.11 | 36 | 15.76 | 19 | 0.82 | 8 | 1.18 | 8 | 3.65 | 6 | 5.82 | 2 | 11.17 | 6 | 13.42 | 1 | 4.76 | 13 | 10.78 | 12 | 11.52 | 11 | ||
| AdaptWeight(subpixel) | 14.42 | 9.96 | 18 | 10.43 | 18 | 14.19 | 9 | 1.03 | 10 | 1.48 | 12 | 7.14 | 15 | 9.19 | 17 | 15.16 | 15 | 21.77 | 18 | 5.24 | 18 | 11.08 | 14 | 10.45 | 9 | ||
| SemiGlob | 16.08 | 7.34 | 13 | 8.37 | 13 | 18.39 | 31 | 1.96 | 26 | 2.6 | 21 | 12.83 | 32 | 7.47 | 9 | 14.43 | 13 | 19.58 | 9 | 3.61 | 7 | 10.67 | 11 | 10.44 | 8 | ||
| SegTreeDP(subpixel) | 16.33 | 16.79 | 33 | 17.26 | 33 | 19.96 | 35 | 0.5 | 7 | 0.7 | 3 | 3.48 | 5 | 11.21 | 27 | 17.42 | 24 | 21.69 | 17 | 3.61 | 6 | 8.86 | 1 | 9.71 | 5 | ||
| RegionTreeDP(subpixel) | 16.58 | 13.64 | 29 | 13.86 | 26 | 16.24 | 24 | 0.44 | 3 | 0.81 | 5 | 3.01 | 1 | 8.83 | 13 | 14.06 | 11 | 20.1 | 11 | 7.43 | 30 | 13.14 | 23 | 13.45 | 23 | ||
| Segm+visib | 17.08 | 12.69 | 26 | 12.93 | 23 | 15.81 | 20 | 2.64 | 31 | 3.08 | 27 | 10.25 | 24 | 7.04 | 7 | 8.71 | 2 | 16.25 | 7 | 4.86 | 15 | 9.86 | 8 | 12.21 | 15 | ||
| GenModel(subpixel) | 19.42 | 4.15 | 1 | 6.36 | 5 | 15.55 | 16 | 1.76 | 22 | 3.14 | 28 | 17.14 | 37 | 8.89 | 14 | 17.01 | 21 | 22.67 | 23 | 5.5 | 20 | 15.64 | 30 | 12.35 | 16 | ||
| SymBP+occ | 19.67 | 20.74 | 43 | 21.57 | 43 | 19.51 | 34 | 0.48 | 6 | 0.7 | 2 | 3.44 | 4 | 9.03 | 15 | 13.98 | 10 | 22.26 | 22 | 5.85 | 21 | 12.06 | 18 | 12.82 | 18 | ||
| TensorVoting(subpixel) | 20.5 | 11.73 | 22 | 12.68 | 21 | 15.57 | 17 | 1.16 | 15 | 1.83 | 15 | 11.64 | 28 | 10.39 | 24 | 17.72 | 26 | 25.73 | 33 | 4.49 | 11 | 11.71 | 17 | 12.76 | 17 | ||
| RealtimeBP(subpixel) | 20.58 | 13.16 | 28 | 14.86 | 30 | 17.65 | 29 | 0.98 | 9 | 2.07 | 17 | 9.54 | 22 | 10.63 | 25 | 15.96 | 16 | 21.32 | 15 | 4.94 | 16 | 12.22 | 20 | 13.22 | 20 | ||
| GC+occ(subpixel) | 20.92 | 4.8 | 2 | 5.65 | 2 | 12.96 | 6 | 2.43 | 28 | 3 | 26 | 7.99 | 17 | 14.12 | 33 | 20.74 | 32 | 24.17 | 29 | 6.27 | 25 | 13.47 | 25 | 14.68 | 26 | ||
| Layered(subpixel) | 21.75 | 7.11 | 12 | 7.62 | 11 | 15.81 | 21 | 1.93 | 24 | 2.61 | 22 | 9.28 | 21 | 10.12 | 22 | 16.04 | 17 | 21.6 | 16 | 8.08 | 31 | 16.25 | 32 | 16.96 | 32 | ||
| AdaptWeight | 23 | 18.1 | 36 | 18.8 | 35 | 18.59 | 32 | 1.32 | 17 | 1.9 | 16 | 8.27 | 18 | 10.11 | 21 | 16.29 | 18 | 23.45 | 26 | 6.17 | 24 | 12.15 | 19 | 12.11 | 14 | ||
| GenModel | 23.08 | 5.28 | 6 | 7.47 | 9 | 15.84 | 22 | 2.04 | 27 | 3.45 | 29 | 17.66 | 38 | 9.19 | 18 | 17.42 | 25 | 23.12 | 25 | 5.97 | 23 | 16.28 | 33 | 13.4 | 22 | ||
| SegTreeDP | 23.83 | 25.42 | 49 | 25.96 | 47 | 24.6 | 41 | 1.29 | 16 | 1.53 | 13 | 4.21 | 8 | 12.34 | 30 | 18.45 | 30 | 21.96 | 19 | 4.78 | 14 | 10.09 | 9 | 11.45 | 10 | ||
| MultiCamGC(subpixel) | 24 | 5.13 | 4 | 6 | 3 | 14.39 | 10 | 5.56 | 42 | 5.97 | 41 | 5.49 | 13 | 15.07 | 36 | 21.28 | 34 | 26.48 | 36 | 5.9 | 22 | 12.89 | 22 | 14.01 | 25 | ||
| RegionTreeDP | 24.17 | 20.95 | 44 | 21.12 | 42 | 18.33 | 30 | 1.09 | 12 | 1.57 | 14 | 4.21 | 7 | 10 | 20 | 15.12 | 14 | 20.75 | 13 | 9.8 | 36 | 15.45 | 29 | 16.13 | 29 | ||
| GC+occ | 24.58 | 6.1 | 9 | 7.11 | 8 | 14.55 | 11 | 3.2 | 34 | 3.8 | 33 | 8.4 | 19 | 14.67 | 34 | 21.27 | 33 | 24.41 | 30 | 6.81 | 29 | 14 | 27 | 15.8 | 28 | ||
| TensorVoting | 25.42 | 16.84 | 34 | 17.68 | 34 | 15.23 | 13 | 1.66 | 20 | 2.37 | 18 | 12.35 | 31 | 11.09 | 26 | 18.4 | 29 | 26.81 | 38 | 5.18 | 17 | 12.36 | 21 | 13.96 | 24 | ||
| RealTimeGPU(subpixel) | 25.75 | 12.51 | 24 | 14.51 | 29 | 17.56 | 28 | 2.47 | 29 | 3.54 | 30 | 19.23 | 39 | 8.68 | 12 | 16.5 | 20 | 20.23 | 12 | 6.74 | 28 | 14.3 | 28 | 16.63 | 30 | ||
| CostRelax(subpixel) | 26.17 | 13.67 | 30 | 14.9 | 31 | 27.5 | 43 | 1.68 | 21 | 2.76 | 24 | 19.31 | 40 | 9.22 | 19 | 17.21 | 23 | 26.31 | 35 | 4.57 | 12 | 11.08 | 15 | 13.3 | 21 | ||
| CostRelax | 26.67 | 19.48 | 40 | 20.65 | 40 | 29.54 | 44 | 1.65 | 19 | 2.73 | 23 | 19.45 | 41 | 9.18 | 16 | 17.14 | 22 | 26.29 | 34 | 4.37 | 9 | 10.89 | 13 | 12.92 | 19 | ||
| MultiCamGC | 27.25 | 6.56 | 11 | 7.55 | 10 | 15.68 | 18 | 6.33 | 43 | 6.75 | 43 | 6.67 | 14 | 15.51 | 37 | 21.69 | 37 | 26.81 | 37 | 6.35 | 26 | 13.31 | 24 | 14.84 | 27 | ||
| RealtimeBP | 28.58 | 19.94 | 42 | 21.62 | 44 | 22.16 | 37 | 1.61 | 18 | 2.82 | 25 | 11.01 | 26 | 11.24 | 28 | 16.43 | 19 | 22.12 | 20 | 6.66 | 27 | 13.93 | 26 | 16.87 | 31 | ||
| ReliabilityDP(subpixel) | 30.5 | 11.64 | 21 | 13.5 | 24 | 14.77 | 12 | 2.48 | 30 | 3.72 | 32 | 13.67 | 34 | 13.13 | 31 | 20.29 | 31 | 24.14 | 28 | 13.77 | 45 | 20.85 | 41 | 21.16 | 37 | ||
| DP(subpixel) | 30.5 | 5.97 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 15.31 | 14 | 8.75 | 47 | 9.74 | 46 | 21.79 | 42 | 13.98 | 32 | 21.56 | 35 | 22.86 | 24 | 10.53 | 38 | 19.13 | 36 | 21.24 | 38 | ||
| Layered | 31.17 | 12.95 | 27 | 13.51 | 25 | 18.67 | 33 | 4.71 | 40 | 5.33 | 38 | 10.57 | 25 | 12.01 | 29 | 17.86 | 28 | 23.72 | 27 | 9.17 | 33 | 17.33 | 34 | 18.31 | 35 | ||
| GC(subpixel) | 31.75 | 6.07 | 8 | 8.16 | 12 | 16.83 | 25 | 3.15 | 33 | 4.77 | 35 | 11.68 | 29 | 20.72 | 47 | 28.85 | 47 | 28.84 | 40 | 9.54 | 34 | 19.76 | 38 | 17.91 | 33 | ||
| GC | 34.08 | 7.71 | 14 | 9.82 | 16 | 17.4 | 26 | 3.96 | 37 | 5.6 | 40 | 11.28 | 27 | 21.32 | 49 | 29.41 | 49 | 29.29 | 41 | 9.84 | 37 | 20.1 | 39 | 18.28 | 34 | ||
| TreeDP(subpixel) | 34.67 | 15.93 | 32 | 16.65 | 32 | 21.63 | 36 | 1.84 | 23 | 2.59 | 20 | 8.98 | 20 | 20.52 | 46 | 28.13 | 45 | 33.24 | 43 | 12.28 | 40 | 20.41 | 40 | 22.88 | 39 | ||
| RealTimeGPU | 34.92 | 24.21 | 47 | 26.02 | 48 | 24.94 | 42 | 3.3 | 35 | 4.43 | 34 | 22.01 | 43 | 10.15 | 23 | 17.8 | 27 | 22.14 | 21 | 8.68 | 32 | 16.17 | 31 | 20.58 | 36 | ||
| SO(subpixel) | 37.75 | 8.01 | 15 | 10.11 | 17 | 16 | 23 | 8.51 | 46 | 10.05 | 47 | 24.45 | 45 | 20.12 | 45 | 28.35 | 46 | 28.75 | 39 | 13.38 | 42 | 23.18 | 48 | 23.18 | 40 | ||
| ReliabilityDP | 38 | 18.99 | 39 | 20.73 | 41 | 17.54 | 27 | 3.98 | 38 | 5.2 | 37 | 15.94 | 36 | 14.69 | 35 | 21.64 | 36 | 25.12 | 31 | 15.66 | 48 | 22.55 | 46 | 23.49 | 42 | ||
| STICA(subpixel) | 39.33 | 12.48 | 23 | 14.36 | 27 | 32.52 | 45 | 7.71 | 45 | 9.1 | 45 | 37.98 | 49 | 16.13 | 38 | 23.84 | 38 | 38.97 | 47 | 9.55 | 35 | 17.68 | 35 | 28.07 | 45 | ||
| TreeDP | 40.08 | 22.42 | 46 | 23.05 | 45 | 22.33 | 38 | 2.86 | 32 | 3.6 | 31 | 10.19 | 23 | 21.32 | 48 | 28.86 | 48 | 33.72 | 44 | 13.65 | 43 | 21.72 | 42 | 23.29 | 41 | ||
| Infection(subpixel) | 40.17 | 11 | 19 | 12.54 | 20 | 32.89 | 46 | 4.33 | 39 | 5.44 | 39 | 32.37 | 47 | 18.79 | 41 | 26.51 | 41 | 47.04 | 49 | 15.21 | 47 | 22.53 | 45 | 39.74 | 49 | ||
| SSD+MF(subpixel) | 40.42 | 18.92 | 38 | 20.57 | 38 | 34.97 | 47 | 3.71 | 36 | 5.08 | 36 | 13.04 | 33 | 18.57 | 40 | 26.66 | 42 | 37.24 | 45 | 12.99 | 41 | 21.96 | 43 | 31.02 | 46 | ||
| DP | 42.25 | 19.58 | 41 | 20.59 | 39 | 22.84 | 39 | 13.6 | 50 | 14.5 | 49 | 24.08 | 44 | 19.17 | 42 | 26.31 | 40 | 25.64 | 32 | 13.76 | 44 | 22.09 | 44 | 25.71 | 43 | ||
| SSD+MF | 45 | 28.53 | 50 | 29.99 | 50 | 38.06 | 49 | 4.98 | 41 | 6.43 | 42 | 14.51 | 35 | 19.79 | 43 | 27.84 | 44 | 38.24 | 46 | 13.8 | 46 | 22.79 | 47 | 31.24 | 47 | ||
| SO | 45.17 | 17.85 | 35 | 19.81 | 37 | 23.37 | 40 | 13.06 | 49 | 14.52 | 50 | 25.25 | 46 | 25.61 | 50 | 33.28 | 50 | 31.26 | 42 | 16.02 | 49 | 25.55 | 50 | 26.8 | 44 | ||
| STICA | 45.25 | 24.33 | 48 | 26.1 | 49 | 44.76 | 50 | 9.65 | 48 | 11.02 | 48 | 42.57 | 50 | 18.21 | 39 | 25.76 | 39 | 42.79 | 48 | 11.59 | 39 | 19.56 | 37 | 33.08 | 48 | ||
| Infection | 46.75 | 21.94 | 45 | 23.29 | 46 | 37.02 | 48 | 6.5 | 44 | 7.67 | 44 | 33.56 | 48 | 20.11 | 44 | 27.67 | 43 | 49.22 | 50 | 16.53 | 50 | 23.89 | 49 | 42.11 | 50 | ||