| Overall comparison of algorithms with sub-pixel estimation using two views | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| The table below is the current, off-line version of Figure 3 of our paper. It compares the performance of different stereo algorithms on four test | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| image pairs, including all the algorithms reported to the Middlebury website. The numbers represent the percentage of "bad" pixels, i.e., pixel whose | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| absolute disparity error is greater than [0.50 | 0.75 | 1.00 | 1.50 |2.00], the error threshold can be changed by clicking on the tabs at the end of | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| the table. For each image pair, we report percentages for (1) non-occluded pixels, (2) all pixels and (3) pixels near depth. All the scoring and ranking | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| schemes are the same as the Middlebury benchmark. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| All algorithms are run with constant parameter settings across all four images. The rank of each algorithm in each column is indicated with a small red number. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| The algorithms are listed roughly in decreasing order of overall performance (as measured by average rank). | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| The difference between this benchmark and the Middlebury one is that we provide sub-pixel estimation for all the algorithms reported to the Middlebury website | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| by using only a single view (the reference view) or two views. The lines with the blue highlighting are the experimental results with our sub-pixel estimations. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| This sub-pixel benchmark proves that the sub-pixel estimation algorithm proposed is very robust; it works for all the algorithms. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Algorithms | Avg. | Tsukuba | Venus | Teddy | Cones | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Rank | nonocc | all | disc | nonocc | all | disc | nonocc | all | disc | nonocc | all | disc | |||||||||||||
| DoubleBP(subpixel) | 4.5 | 4.91 | 6 | 5.62 | 6 | 10.99 | 1 | 0.22 | 2 | 0.57 | 4 | 3.03 | 2 | 5.46 | 1 | 11.15 | 5 | 13.62 | 2 | 4.69 | 9 | 10.63 | 9 | 11.01 | 7 |
| AdaptingBP(subpixel) | 6.25 | 6.6 | 21 | 7.21 | 15 | 13.53 | 12 | 0.21 | 1 | 0.39 | 1 | 2.92 | 1 | 6.22 | 3 | 10.35 | 3 | 15.71 | 3 | 3.84 | 5 | 9.59 | 4 | 10.85 | 6 |
| C-SemiGlob | 7 | 6.21 | 17 | 6.9 | 11 | 12.93 | 8 | 0.46 | 7 | 0.85 | 8 | 4.42 | 11 | 6.39 | 4 | 13.8 | 9 | 15.99 | 4 | 3.29 | 1 | 9.21 | 2 | 9.38 | 2 |
| C-SemiGlob(subpixel) | 7.5 | 5.53 | 13 | 6.55 | 9 | 13.72 | 13 | 0.35 | 6 | 0.72 | 6 | 4.82 | 12 | 6.94 | 5 | 13.75 | 7 | 17.22 | 7 | 3.7 | 4 | 9.65 | 5 | 10.18 | 3 |
| Segm+visib(subpixel) | 8.42 | 4.08 | 2 | 4.51 | 1 | 11.67 | 3 | 0.92 | 12 | 1.36 | 12 | 8.84 | 19 | 7.26 | 8 | 8.99 | 2 | 17.33 | 8 | 4.97 | 13 | 9.96 | 7 | 12.59 | 14 |
| SymBP+occ(subpixel) | 9.5 | 5.4 | 12 | 6.48 | 8 | 11.46 | 2 | 0.26 | 3 | 0.51 | 2 | 3.65 | 6 | 8.36 | 11 | 13.76 | 8 | 20.8 | 13 | 5.71 | 18 | 11.88 | 16 | 12.66 | 15 |
| RegionTreeDP(subpixel) | 11 | 4.59 | 5 | 5.07 | 4 | 11.73 | 4 | 0.27 | 4 | 0.74 | 7 | 3.11 | 3 | 8.95 | 13 | 14.51 | 12 | 20.52 | 10 | 7.45 | 29 | 13.3 | 22 | 13.8 | 19 |
| AdaptingBP | 11.67 | 14.03 | 34 | 14.4 | 34 | 13.49 | 11 | 1.16 | 17 | 1.36 | 11 | 4.34 | 10 | 7.16 | 7 | 10.63 | 4 | 16.61 | 6 | 3.46 | 2 | 9.34 | 3 | 9.19 | 1 |
| AdaptWeight(subpixel) | 12.08 | 5.36 | 11 | 6.17 | 7 | 13.17 | 9 | 0.71 | 9 | 1.17 | 9 | 6.98 | 15 | 9.16 | 15 | 15.7 | 15 | 21.66 | 16 | 5.46 | 17 | 11.53 | 14 | 11.23 | 8 |
| DoubleBP | 13.42 | 18.66 | 38 | 19.11 | 37 | 15.76 | 21 | 0.82 | 10 | 1.18 | 10 | 3.65 | 5 | 5.82 | 2 | 11.17 | 6 | 13.42 | 1 | 4.76 | 10 | 10.78 | 11 | 11.52 | 10 |
| SemiGlob(subpixel) | 15 | 5.68 | 14 | 6.65 | 10 | 15.99 | 25 | 1 | 13 | 1.7 | 15 | 12.03 | 31 | 8.12 | 10 | 15.28 | 14 | 21.34 | 15 | 4.42 | 8 | 11.49 | 13 | 12.13 | 12 |
| SegTreeDP(subpixel) | 15.25 | 10.79 | 29 | 11.52 | 28 | 18.28 | 31 | 0.31 | 5 | 0.54 | 3 | 3.84 | 7 | 11.08 | 25 | 17.69 | 25 | 22 | 19 | 4.13 | 6 | 9.08 | 1 | 10.35 | 4 |
| Segm+visib | 17.67 | 12.69 | 32 | 12.93 | 31 | 15.81 | 22 | 2.64 | 32 | 3.08 | 29 | 10.25 | 23 | 7.04 | 6 | 8.71 | 1 | 16.25 | 5 | 4.86 | 12 | 9.86 | 6 | 12.21 | 13 |
| SemiGlob | 17.67 | 7.34 | 23 | 8.37 | 23 | 18.39 | 33 | 1.96 | 29 | 2.6 | 24 | 12.83 | 33 | 7.47 | 9 | 14.43 | 11 | 19.58 | 9 | 3.61 | 3 | 10.67 | 10 | 10.44 | 5 |
| Layered(subpixel) | 18.17 | 4.25 | 4 | 4.75 | 2 | 14.14 | 15 | 1.12 | 16 | 1.83 | 17 | 8.98 | 20 | 9.75 | 20 | 16.05 | 16 | 21.06 | 14 | 8.14 | 31 | 16.28 | 32 | 17.57 | 31 |
| RealtimeBP(subpixel) | 18.5 | 5.15 | 9 | 7.05 | 13 | 13.45 | 10 | 0.84 | 11 | 2.06 | 19 | 10.61 | 26 | 10.95 | 24 | 16.49 | 19 | 21.7 | 17 | 6.15 | 23 | 13.45 | 24 | 15.16 | 27 |
| SymBP+occ | 19.75 | 20.74 | 43 | 21.57 | 43 | 19.51 | 36 | 0.48 | 8 | 0.7 | 5 | 3.44 | 4 | 9.03 | 14 | 13.98 | 10 | 22.26 | 22 | 5.85 | 19 | 12.06 | 17 | 12.82 | 16 |
| GC+occ(subpixel) | 19.75 | 3.96 | 1 | 4.95 | 3 | 12.2 | 5 | 1.72 | 27 | 2.34 | 21 | 8.25 | 16 | 12.8 | 32 | 19.82 | 32 | 23.07 | 23 | 6.62 | 26 | 13.82 | 25 | 15.09 | 26 |
| MultiCamGC(subpixel) | 21.67 | 4.19 | 3 | 5.14 | 5 | 12.77 | 7 | 3.58 | 36 | 4.08 | 35 | 5.57 | 13 | 13.56 | 33 | 20.2 | 33 | 24.97 | 31 | 6 | 22 | 12.97 | 21 | 14.01 | 21 |
| TensorVoting(subpixel) | 22 | 6.26 | 18 | 7.4 | 18 | 13.89 | 14 | 1.07 | 14 | 1.74 | 16 | 11.05 | 29 | 11.4 | 29 | 18.76 | 31 | 27.83 | 39 | 5.16 | 14 | 12.47 | 20 | 14.47 | 22 |
| AdaptWeight | 23.25 | 18.1 | 37 | 18.8 | 36 | 18.59 | 34 | 1.32 | 19 | 1.9 | 18 | 8.27 | 17 | 10.11 | 22 | 16.29 | 17 | 23.45 | 26 | 6.17 | 24 | 12.15 | 18 | 12.11 | 11 |
| SegTreeDP | 23.58 | 25.42 | 49 | 25.96 | 47 | 24.6 | 41 | 1.29 | 18 | 1.53 | 13 | 4.21 | 9 | 12.34 | 31 | 18.45 | 29 | 21.96 | 18 | 4.78 | 11 | 10.09 | 8 | 11.45 | 9 |
| GenModel | 24 | 5.28 | 10 | 7.47 | 19 | 15.84 | 23 | 2.04 | 31 | 3.45 | 31 | 17.66 | 38 | 9.19 | 17 | 17.42 | 23 | 23.12 | 24 | 5.97 | 21 | 16.28 | 33 | 13.4 | 18 |
| RegionTreeDP | 24.5 | 20.95 | 44 | 21.12 | 42 | 18.33 | 32 | 1.09 | 15 | 1.57 | 14 | 4.21 | 8 | 10 | 21 | 15.12 | 13 | 20.75 | 12 | 9.8 | 35 | 15.45 | 29 | 16.13 | 29 |
| RealTimeGPU(subpixel) | 24.58 | 8.06 | 25 | 10.2 | 25 | 15.74 | 20 | 1.61 | 24 | 2.7 | 25 | 18.49 | 40 | 8.42 | 12 | 16.53 | 20 | 20.67 | 11 | 7.84 | 30 | 15.38 | 28 | 19.02 | 35 |
| GenModel(subpixel) | 25.08 | 6.08 | 15 | 8.26 | 21 | 17.09 | 28 | 1.91 | 28 | 3.21 | 30 | 16.56 | 37 | 9.41 | 18 | 17.54 | 24 | 23.58 | 27 | 5.94 | 20 | 16.14 | 30 | 14.7 | 23 |
| ReliabilityDP(subpixel) | 25.67 | 4.96 | 7 | 7.01 | 12 | 12.24 | 6 | 1.56 | 22 | 2.8 | 27 | 10.76 | 27 | 11.26 | 28 | 18.75 | 30 | 23.39 | 25 | 13.93 | 45 | 21.03 | 41 | 22.1 | 38 |
| CostRelax(subpixel) | 25.83 | 9.54 | 27 | 10.94 | 27 | 24.95 | 43 | 1.36 | 20 | 2.42 | 23 | 17.69 | 39 | 9.43 | 19 | 17.36 | 22 | 26.46 | 35 | 5.24 | 16 | 11.78 | 15 | 14.8 | 24 |
| TensorVoting | 26 | 16.84 | 35 | 17.68 | 35 | 15.23 | 17 | 1.66 | 26 | 2.37 | 22 | 12.35 | 32 | 11.09 | 26 | 18.4 | 28 | 26.81 | 37 | 5.18 | 15 | 12.36 | 19 | 13.96 | 20 |
| GC+occ | 26.08 | 6.1 | 16 | 7.11 | 14 | 14.55 | 16 | 3.2 | 34 | 3.8 | 34 | 8.4 | 18 | 14.67 | 34 | 21.27 | 34 | 24.41 | 30 | 6.81 | 28 | 14 | 27 | 15.8 | 28 |
| CostRelax | 26.92 | 19.48 | 40 | 20.65 | 40 | 29.54 | 44 | 1.65 | 25 | 2.73 | 26 | 19.45 | 41 | 9.18 | 16 | 17.14 | 21 | 26.29 | 34 | 4.37 | 7 | 10.89 | 12 | 12.92 | 17 |
| MultiCamGC | 28.42 | 6.56 | 20 | 7.55 | 20 | 15.68 | 19 | 6.33 | 44 | 6.75 | 43 | 6.67 | 14 | 15.51 | 36 | 21.69 | 36 | 26.81 | 36 | 6.35 | 25 | 13.31 | 23 | 14.84 | 25 |
| RealtimeBP | 29.17 | 19.94 | 42 | 21.62 | 44 | 22.16 | 37 | 1.61 | 23 | 2.82 | 28 | 11.01 | 28 | 11.24 | 27 | 16.43 | 18 | 22.12 | 20 | 6.66 | 27 | 13.93 | 26 | 16.87 | 30 |
| GC(subpixel) | 29.33 | 5.09 | 8 | 7.21 | 16 | 15.38 | 18 | 2.03 | 30 | 3.7 | 33 | 10.27 | 24 | 17.91 | 40 | 26.36 | 44 | 27.51 | 38 | 9.04 | 33 | 19.39 | 36 | 17.59 | 32 |
| TreeDP(subpixel) | 30.17 | 6.32 | 19 | 7.29 | 17 | 16.34 | 26 | 1.38 | 21 | 2.15 | 20 | 9.04 | 21 | 17.99 | 41 | 25.88 | 42 | 30.23 | 42 | 11.49 | 38 | 19.71 | 38 | 21.87 | 37 |
| Layered | 32.75 | 12.95 | 33 | 13.51 | 33 | 18.67 | 35 | 4.71 | 41 | 5.33 | 39 | 10.57 | 25 | 12.01 | 30 | 17.86 | 27 | 23.72 | 28 | 9.17 | 34 | 17.33 | 34 | 18.31 | 34 |
| RealTimeGPU | 35 | 24.21 | 47 | 26.02 | 48 | 24.94 | 42 | 3.3 | 35 | 4.43 | 36 | 22.01 | 43 | 10.15 | 23 | 17.8 | 26 | 22.14 | 21 | 8.68 | 32 | 16.17 | 31 | 20.58 | 36 |
| GC | 35.83 | 7.71 | 24 | 9.82 | 24 | 17.4 | 29 | 3.96 | 38 | 5.6 | 41 | 11.28 | 30 | 21.32 | 48 | 29.41 | 48 | 29.29 | 40 | 9.84 | 36 | 20.1 | 39 | 18.28 | 33 |
| DP(subpixel) | 36.08 | 7.23 | 22 | 8.34 | 22 | 16.77 | 27 | 9.11 | 47 | 10.11 | 46 | 21.9 | 42 | 16.9 | 38 | 24.42 | 38 | 24.03 | 29 | 12.07 | 41 | 20.54 | 40 | 23.83 | 41 |
| ReliabilityDP | 38.25 | 18.99 | 39 | 20.73 | 41 | 17.54 | 30 | 3.98 | 39 | 5.2 | 38 | 15.94 | 36 | 14.69 | 35 | 21.64 | 35 | 25.12 | 32 | 15.66 | 48 | 22.55 | 46 | 23.49 | 40 |
| SSD+MF(subpixel) | 39 | 11.23 | 31 | 13.1 | 32 | 31.79 | 46 | 3.71 | 37 | 5.15 | 37 | 13.08 | 34 | 17.34 | 39 | 25.6 | 40 | 35.28 | 45 | 11.9 | 40 | 21.09 | 42 | 28.19 | 45 |
| STICA(subpixel) | 39.75 | 10.43 | 28 | 12.4 | 29 | 31.36 | 45 | 5.99 | 43 | 7.39 | 44 | 36.1 | 49 | 16.09 | 37 | 24.14 | 37 | 38.29 | 47 | 10.12 | 37 | 18.22 | 35 | 29.21 | 46 |
| TreeDP | 39.83 | 22.42 | 46 | 23.05 | 45 | 22.33 | 38 | 2.86 | 33 | 3.6 | 32 | 10.19 | 22 | 21.32 | 47 | 28.86 | 47 | 33.72 | 44 | 13.65 | 42 | 21.72 | 43 | 23.29 | 39 |
| SO(subpixel) | 40.75 | 8.31 | 26 | 10.43 | 26 | 15.96 | 24 | 8.75 | 46 | 10.29 | 47 | 22.48 | 44 | 22.38 | 49 | 30.37 | 49 | 29.37 | 41 | 14.54 | 46 | 24.24 | 49 | 24.76 | 42 |
| Infection(subpixel) | 42.17 | 11 | 30 | 12.6 | 30 | 32.36 | 47 | 4.21 | 40 | 5.33 | 40 | 31.44 | 47 | 18.51 | 43 | 25.53 | 39 | 45.51 | 49 | 15.49 | 47 | 22.37 | 45 | 40.25 | 49 |
| DP | 42.75 | 19.58 | 41 | 20.59 | 39 | 22.84 | 39 | 13.6 | 50 | 14.5 | 49 | 24.08 | 45 | 19.17 | 44 | 26.31 | 43 | 25.64 | 33 | 13.76 | 43 | 22.09 | 44 | 25.71 | 43 |
| SSD+MF | 45.25 | 28.53 | 50 | 29.99 | 50 | 38.06 | 49 | 4.98 | 42 | 6.43 | 42 | 14.51 | 35 | 19.79 | 45 | 27.84 | 46 | 38.24 | 46 | 13.8 | 44 | 22.79 | 47 | 31.24 | 47 |
| SO | 45.42 | 17.85 | 36 | 19.81 | 38 | 23.37 | 40 | 13.06 | 49 | 14.52 | 50 | 25.25 | 46 | 25.61 | 50 | 33.28 | 50 | 31.26 | 43 | 16.02 | 49 | 25.55 | 50 | 26.8 | 44 |
| STICA | 45.67 | 24.33 | 48 | 26.1 | 49 | 44.76 | 50 | 9.65 | 48 | 11.02 | 48 | 42.57 | 50 | 18.21 | 42 | 25.76 | 41 | 42.79 | 48 | 11.59 | 39 | 19.56 | 37 | 33.08 | 48 |
| Infection | 47.17 | 21.94 | 45 | 23.29 | 46 | 37.02 | 48 | 6.5 | 45 | 7.67 | 45 | 33.56 | 48 | 20.11 | 46 | 27.67 | 45 | 49.22 | 50 | 16.53 | 50 | 23.89 | 48 | 42.11 | 50 |